East Asian Seas


Regional reports on the state of the marine and coastal environment

ESCAP: State of the Environment in Asia and the Pacific 2000.

UNEP: Asia Pacific Environment Outlook 2. Published periodically to present the state of environment and its trend in the region. The report aims to critically review the existing status of the environment, the driving forces for changes, and the existing set of policy initiatives undertaken to confront environmental challenges.

UNEP GPA: Overview on Land-based Sources and Activities Affecting the Marine Environment in the East Asian Seas.

COBSEA/EASRCU: Identification of Regional "Hot-spots" on land-based pollution, their characteristics and impacts. The project is one of the identified activities in the Regional Programme of Action for the Protection of Marine Environment from the Effect of Land-based Pollution. The implementation of the project will contribute to the general objectives of the Regional Programme of Action, and address priority problems in the region.

UNEP GPA: East Asian Seas (brief description of environmental state, priority issues).

UNEP: Global Environment Outlook 3 (GEO3). Coastal and marine areas.

University of Rhode Island: Large Marine Ecosystems (LME): Gulf of Thailand, South China Sea, Sulu-Celebes Sea, Indonesian Sea, North Australian Shelf, and part of the Bay of Bengal.

International actors and agreements in the region

See Global action and Global actors.

UNEP Regional Seas Programme. ••>

UNEP Global programme of action for the protection of the marine environment from land-based activities (UNEP GPA). ••>

UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). ••>

UNEP:s Regional Office for Asian and the Pacific (ROAP). ••>

UNEP Regional Resource Centre for Asia and Pacific (RRC.AP). ••>

Private sector and NGO actors and initiatives

Southeast Asian Programme in Ocean Law, Policy and management (SEAPOL).

Rainforest Action Network (RAN): Oil Report: Southeast Asia.

East Asia Response Private Limited (EARL)

Australian Institute of Petroleum (AIP)

International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation (ITOPF). ••>

International Directory of Oil Spill Cleanup Contractors and Response Organisations. ••>

International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA). ••>

Oilwatch. ••>

Regional conventions, agreements, action plans and actors

East Asian Seas Action Plan. ••>

Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia (COBSEA). • Regional Co-ordinating Unit (EAS/RCU). ••>

Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia. ••>

GEF International Waters projects. ••>

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ••>

Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). ••>

Tokyo Memorandum of Understanding on Port State Control. ••>

National action: China/Hong Kong: Marine Department

National action: China: China Maritime Safety Administration

National action: Korea: Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries: Maritime Safety Management Bureau

National action: Philippines: Philippine Coast Guard

National action: Vietnam: National Environment Department

National action: Thailand: Marine Environment Section, Harbour department

National action: Singapore: Singapore Maritime and Port Authority

National action: Indonesia: Directorate General of Sea Communications, Sea and Coast Guard Division

National action: Malaysia

National action: Australia


The Singapore Straits is among the busiest shipping lane in the world, with over 100,000 ships calling in at Singapore every year. The collision between tanker Evoikos (carrying oil) and supertanker Orapin Global (empty at the time of the collison) produced an oil spill of 25,000 tonnes – the worst oil spill in Singapore's history – covering a total area of 5x12 km. There were serious effects on mangrove forests and coral reefs within the Raffles Islands. Map: © UNEP-WCMC (World Marine Conservation: Emergency Response Service.