FATE. What happens with oil in the sea water? Various natural physical, chemical and biological degradation processes. The effects of oil spills can be far-reaching, from an environmental as well as a socio-economic perspectives. Marine and coastal habitats, wildlife species, recreational activities, local industry, and fisheries, are among the resources and sectors that can be negatively affected by oil spills.

WILDLIFE. How does oil in the marine environment affect wildlife? Effects on seabirds, marine mammals, fish and shellfish, and bottom-living animals.

HABITATS. How does oil in the marine environment affect habitats? Exposed rocky cliffs and seawalls, wave cut rocky platforms, sandy beaches, mixed sand and gravel beaches, tidal flats, marshes, mangroves, coral reefs ...

ECONOMY and HEALTH. How do oil spills affect economy and people's health? Destroyed beaches, destroyed aquaculture, destroyed fisheries, health effects from cleanup operations ...


Oiled heron in the Baltic Sea after oil spill. © ENN. Oil pollution in mangrove area. ©NOAA.